01Starting point
Micro- and nanostructures, meaning holographic gratings, microlens arrays and diffractive elements, are best written small, because costs explode with area. So you replicate a perfect unit cell field by field. That sounds simple, but it is a mechanical problem: the previous machine set curing energy, roller forces and resist volume by hand, and had no Z-axis at all. A substrate thickness variation of just ±30 µm produced up to 14.1 µm of offset, against a ±5 µm requirement.

